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Part of Summary of articles / Polska Sztuka Ludowa 1961 t.15 z.4
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P
O
L
QUARTERLY
N.
4
I
S
PUBLISHED
H
F
O
B Y T H E A R T INSTITUTE
YEAR BOOK
SUMMARY
L
K
A
OF T H E POLISH
ACADEMY
R
T
O F SCIENCES
1961
XV
OF ARTICLES
Jacek Olędzki
— ARTISTIC SMITHERY IN T H E
KURPIOWSKA
PUSZCZA ZIELONA FROM T H E
END O F T H E 19TH C E N T U R Y T I L L T H E F I R S T
WORLD W A R
Analysing the development of artistic smithery in
the Kurpiowska Puszcza Zielona from the eighties of
the 19th century till the First World War, the author
points out that the basic element influencing the
character of this creative work was the social attitude
of a certain group of the population. There could be
no question of the influence of tradition here (as
was the case in other regions). In the 16th century,
the population was composed of Ditch-burners millowners and inill workers the forges there m l *
produced iron for oTher localities a l they c^uld^ot
sell it on the s p o t i n t t e 1 7 ? h
centt^son?e
blacksmiths settledTtnere in connecton with c o S
z a t t o n r t i s true but b e c a m e T o T ^ e Poverty rf the
«tfe»
ftŁKasSto
the S
primitive
character of the iron work was greatly influenced by
the requirements of the customer, which in turn were
influenced by the specific situation of the Kurpie
population. Their poverty and the fact that they
were not of noble origin had earned them a poor
reputation among their neighbours and placed them
at a social disadvantage. In these conditions, the
Kurpie population built houses, had harnesses made
and crosses put up, the appearance of which was to
testify to the wealth and good husbandry of the
the iron crosses of the Kurpie rlgîon w e r e i n general
very s i m U a T t o the c r o i e ? found in T e n o n s farther
east they also had t y S features specific to this
region (fig 31)
H I mmmm
buildings c) crosses I n the ron articles used for
work, utility considerations led to perfection of
construction logic, suitable form and beautiful
proportions, which made the objects real works of
art, although they were not decorated (except househ
old utility articles which were decorated in the parts
not exposed to damage in use fig. 5, 7) Iron articles
used in transport vehicles (carriages, sleighs) and m
building (doors) were more decorative in form
th
ornamented surfaces, the ornamentation being meant
to testify to the wealth of the owner. The greatest
variety of form is found in the crosses, which were
either the crowning touch of wooden crosses, shrines
and cemetery gates, or a cross standing by itself, like
the wooden wayside or cemetery crosses. They were
made from ingots, bars or wire, the form varying
from the very simplest to the most complicated
(fig. 21—31). Additional decorative elements were
mounted in some places (fig. 26—30). There were also
repeated decorative motifs: leaves, branches, flowers,
wavy rays, the sun, moon and stars. The cross was
said to protect people from all kinds of disasters and
was at the same time a symbolic offering to God for
a certain intention — and these functions explain the
meaning of the supplementary elements. I n the
seventies and eighties of the 19th century, the
ambition prevailed in this region to put up the
most magnificent crosses, and this had an influence
on the development of crossmaking and their elabo
rate shapes. The less the iron-ware articles were
used for work, the more decorative they became. The
Tadeusz
CENTRE
Sławski
BIECZ, A FORMER POTTERY
Biecz, a town In Gorlice District, was an
important Polish trade and handicraft centre in past
centuries. On the basis of archive and excavation
materials, the author of the article writes about the
development of a pottery centre there. The first
records of a potters' guild date back to the year 1549,
but there are proofs that the pottery trade already
existed there much earlier. From the rules of the
potters' guild that have been preserved it result,
that learning the trade took from three to four years
Masters of this art coming from other localities had
to execute a special pitcher under supervision, which
W I
r e s e ^ E certain
district
tor
S K m t t S
It was o n E in t h e i f l t h S ^ r v thnt i t
W
potters belonging to it were not only from Biecz, but
also from various other places such as Rzeszów,
Łańcut and even from distant Lvov. Most of the
potters were recruited from the towns and came
father to son The guilds were exclusive in character
to the poorer strata of the towns-people. The pottery
workshops were partly in the centre of the town,
but as time went on they were ousted further and
further towards the outskirts of the town in con253
.nection with the development of the town and also
owing to the danger of fires breaking out. Excavations
have shown that pots, bowls, stewing pans and: mugs
were the first articles to be made in Biecz. A s time
went on, this assortment was enriched by more
Varied forms. The (material used was the ferrous
clay to be found in the locality. The glaze and dyes
were partly produced on the spot and certain ingredients were brought from Cracow. The oldest
specimens found in Biecz are similar in form to the
#
• i
Barbara Matuszewska
— SPECIMENS O F COLONN A D E D B U I L D I N G I N ŻNTN D I S T R I C T
The author writes about historical specimens of
colonnaded buildings that have been preserved in
the district of Znin (Pomerania). Beginning from the
19th century, colonnaded building began to die out
in Pomerania, so that at present, in the whole
district of Żnin, only one cottage with a five column
colonnade has been preserved (fig. l a , b, c). However,
more detailed investigations in cottages that have
been reconstructed brought to light traces of former
3 or 4 column constructions. They are proof of the
existence of 18th century colonnaded buildings in
mmmm
Jadwiga and AnatoUusz Czerepiński
— WŁADYSŁAW
CHAJEC, F O L K SCULPTOR FROM
KAMIENICA
GÓRNA, JASŁO D I S T R I C T
The authors present the work of a folk sculptor
unknown so far. Almost all of the works reproduced
were done during the last 2—3 years, the rest are
scattered in various places. Chajec sculptures in
wood, using the simplest tools. A s regards subject,
most of his works are scenes from the Passion. His
source of inspiration are figures in churches, from
which Chajec has taken certain approaches and
certain elements of the historical sculptures of thp
17th and 18th centuries.
wmm
workmanship probably feeing the same. A separate
ASSIST £L
?
very few documents found concerning trade in
ceramic w e do not give very exhaustive information
on this subject. It is only known that there was
a general demand for ceramic ware.
The H I S T O R I C A L A R C H I V E S contain an elabora
tion by Zbigniew Jasiewicz: M A T E R I A L S O N T H E
HISTORY O F POTTERY IN KONIN DISTRICT.
The information, which is based on archive documenst, shows that in the 18th century the production
of pottery centres an towns and townships was of
basic importance because of the markets and fairs
that were held nearby, guaranteeing the sale of most
of the pottery produced. The documents quoted also
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CZASOPISMA
INSTYTUTU SZTUKI PAN
wydawane przez
P.P. W Y D A W N I C T W A
ARTYSTYCZNE I
FILMOWE
B I U L E T Y N H I S T O R I I S Z T U K I , k w a r t a l n i k , ponad 100 str. d u ż e g o
formatu, o k o ł o 100 ilustracji. Cena 24 zl, prenumerata półroczna 48 zł,
roczna — 96 zł.
P O L S K A S Z T U K A L U D O W A , k w a r t a l n i k 64 str. dużego formatu,
bogaty m a t e r i a ł ilustracyjny. Cena 18 zl, prenumerata p ó ł r o c z n a 36 z),
roczna — 72 zl.
P A M I Ę T N I K T E A T R A L N Y , k w a r t a l n i k , ponad 170 str. d r u k u , około
100 ilustracji. Cena 18 zł, prenumerata p ó ł r o c z n a 36 zl, roczna — 72 zł.
K W A R T A L N I K F I L M O W Y , o k o ł o 100 str. druku, k i l k a n a ś c i e
Cena 10 zł, prenumerata p ó ł r o c z n a 20 zl, roczna — 40 zl.
ilustracji.
M U Z Y K A , k w a r t a l n i k , o k o ł o 130 str. druku, liczne p r z y k ł a d y
Cena 18 zł, prenumerata p ó ł r o c z n a 36 zł, roczna — 72 zl.
nutowe.
PRENUMERATA
Z a m ó w i e n i a i p r z e d p ł a t y na p r e n u m e r a t ę przyjmowane są w terminie
do d n i a 15-go m i e s i ą c a p o p r z e d z a j ą c e g o okres prenumeraty — przez:
Urzędy Pocztowe, listonoszy oraz Oddziały i Delegatury „ R u c h u " .
M o ż n a r ó w n i e ż z a m ó w i ć p r e n u m e r a t ę d o k o n u j ą c w p ł a t y na konto
P K O n r 1-6-100020 — Centrala K o l p o r t a ż u Prasy i
Wydawnictw
„ R u c h " — Warszawa, u l . Srebrna 12.
Cena prenumeraty za g r a n i c ę jest o 40°/o droższa od ceny podanej w y
ż e j . P r z e d p ł a t y na tę p r e n u m e r a t ę przyjmuje na okresy p ó ł r o c z n e
t roczne P r z e d s i ę b i o r s t w o Eksportu i I m p o r t u „ R u c h " w Warszawie,
Wilcza 46, konto 2-6-71 w Narodowym Banku Polskim w Warszawie,
ul. Warecka 10.
SPRZEDAŻ
Egzemplarze zdezaktualizowane m o ż n a n a b y ć w sklepie „ R u c h u " przy
u l . Wiejskiej 14 w Warszawie. Z a m ó w i e n i a spoza Warszawy należy
k i e r o w a ć do Centrali K o l p o r t a ż u Prasy i W y d a w n i c t w „ R u c h " , War
szawa, u l . Srebrna 12.
A k t u a l n e numery czasopism Instytutu Sztuki P A N
w w i ę k s z y c h k s i ę g a r n i a c h miast w o j e w ó d z k i c h .
Zakłady
Ilustr.
I I I , 120
fcl.
Graficzne.
g
A l +
Z.
karton
Druk
W.
W-wa,
Podchorążych
biały
kl.
I I I , 220
g.
w
grudniu
1961
ukończono
do
nabycia
Łódź — Piotrkowska 102a
P o z n a ń — Marcinkowskiego 21,
A r m i i Czerwonej 37
P r z e m y ś l — F r a n c i s z k a ń s k a l S)
Radom — Ż e r o m s k i e g o 27
Rzeszów — Kościuszki 3
S ł u p s k — PI. Z w y c i ę s t w a 11
Sandomierz — płk. Skopenki 4
Sopot — B o h a t e r ó w Monte Ca¬
sino 26
Sosnowiec
Czerwone Z a g ł ę bie 23
T o r u ń — Rynek Staromiejski 30
Warszawa — Krakowskie Przed
mieście 7, Kredytowa 9, P i ę k
na 31/37, Bracka 20, N o w y
Świat
35,
Rynek
Starego
Miasta 22/24.
W ł o c ł a w e k — 3 Maja 25
W r o c ł a w — Kuźnicza 42
Zabrze — Wolności 276
Białystok — L i p o w a 43
Bielsko — Dzierżyńskiego 33
Bydgoszcz — 1 Maja 17, Dwor
cowa 14
Bytom — Kościuszki 4
C h o r z ó w — Wolności 13
Częstochowa — A l . N M P 8
G d a ń s k - W r z e s z c z — Grunwaldz
ka 8
Gdynia - Ś w i ę t o j a ń s k a 47
Gliwice — Z w y c i ę s t w a 31
G r u d z i ą d z — Rynek 13
Inowrocław — Królowej Jadwi
gi 31
Kalisz - Ś r ó d m i e j s k a 14
K a t o w i c e — Warszawska 11
Koszalin — M ł y ń s k a blok 12
Kielce — Sienkiewicza 30, Sien
kiewicza 60
K r a k ó w — Podwale 6
Lublin
—
K r a k o w s k i e Przed
mieście 68
Stołeczne
są
BI.
r.
39.
Zam.
Nakład
1300
608.
Pap.
egz.
S-68